# Technical details

How Steamify CachyOS works under the hood. For using it, see
[README.md](README.md); for problems, [TROUBLESHOOTING.md](TROUBLESHOOTING.md).

## How turning things on and off works

At startup every component checks whether it is on (`*_status` in `lib/`).
You choose; the wizard then turns off what you unticked (in reverse order)
and turns on what you ticked. To be able to undo:

- **System files** are backed up once, next to the original, with a
  `.bak-gamescope-wizard` suffix, and restored when you turn the component
  off.
- **KDE settings** in your home directory are recorded with their previous
  value the first time the wizard changes them, in an undo journal under
  `~/.local/state/cachyos-gamescope-boot/`. Turning the component off writes
  the old values back (or removes keys that didn't exist before). Setups
  made by older versions of the script, without a journal, fall back to
  KDE's defaults.
- **Packages** installed for the conversion (Steam, gamescope-session, ...)
  are kept when you turn it off; Steam Machine support removes its own.

## Single user mode: SDDM, no locking

Turning it on switches to **SDDM** and turns off everything that asks for a
password or another user, per user: `action/lock_screen`, `switch_user` and
`start_new_session` restrictions in `kdeglobals`, no automatic locking
(`kscreenlockerrc`), Meta+L and Ctrl+Alt+Del unbound, and the launcher shows
only Sleep / Restart / Shut Down (kickoff `primaryActions=3`), which hides
the Session dropdown with Log Out. (Restricting `action/logout` would also
hide Restart and Shut Down.) Turning it off restores all of that and moves
the conversion back to plasma-login-manager.

**KDE wallet.** KDE normally unlocks your wallet with the password you log in
with; with autologin nobody types it, so apps that keep passwords in it (Brave,
for example) ask for the wallet password. Single user mode does what SteamOS
does: it uses Valve's empty wallet without a password (from
`steamdeck-kde-presets`, checksum verified). Your own wallet in
`~/.local/share/kwalletd/` is moved to `kdewallet.kwl.bak-steamify` (and
`.salt`). Turning single user mode off puts it back, unchanged; the single
user wallet, with anything saved in it meanwhile, is kept as
`kdewallet.kwl.steamify-single-user` and used again the next time it's on.
Passwords aren't shared between the two wallets.

**SDDM** is what SteamOS uses, and CachyOS's `steam-set-session` supports it
directly: it writes `/etc/sddm.conf.d/zz-steamos-autologin.conf`, which SDDM
honours. The script installs and enables `sddm` (active from the next boot),
writes `User=`, `Session=` and `Relogin=true` to
`/etc/sddm.conf.d/10-gamescope-autologin.conf`, and removes any
`[Autologin]` from `/etc/sddm.conf` (read last, so it would override both).
No sync bridge or sudoers rule is needed; the shortcut just runs
`steamos-session-select gamescope`, which logs out, and `Relogin=true` logs
straight back in to gamescope.

Without single user mode, the conversion uses **plasma-login-manager**
(CachyOS's default since March 2026), which needs the workarounds below.

## Why this is needed (plasma-login-manager)

CachyOS's `gamescope-session-cachyos` package ships `steamos-session-select`,
which is meant to work exactly like it does on real SteamOS. Since the March
2026 release, CachyOS uses `plasma-login-manager` instead of SDDM, and three
things get in the way:

1. **No `User=` written to the autologin config.**
   `steam-set-session` (called by `steamos-session-select`) only writes a
   `Session=` key. `plasma-login-manager` needs both `Session=` and `User=`
   to autologin at all; without `User=` it shows the greeter every boot.

2. **Missing `/etc/plasmalogin.conf.d` directory.**
   Without it, `steam-set-session` fails, and Steam's "Switch to Desktop"
   hangs forever. *(Fixed upstream in `gamescope-session-cachyos` 1.1.6; the
   script still creates the directory for older versions.)*

3. **The base `/etc/plasmalogin.conf` wins over conf.d, and CachyOS ships it
   with `Session=plasma`.**
   Every tool that changes sessions (`steamos-session-select`, Steam's power
   menu, and `cachyos-gamescope-autologin.service`, which resets you to
   gamescope after a desktop session) only writes
   `/etc/plasmalogin.conf.d/zz-steamos-autologin.conf`. The base file takes
   priority, so none of those switches stick.

The script sets `Session=`, `User=` and `Relogin=true` in the base config,
and installs a small systemd path watcher that copies whatever CachyOS's
tools write to the conf.d fragment into the base config.

## What each component changes

**SteamOS conversion** (`lib/login-manager.sh`, `lib/steam-desktop.sh`,
`lib/desktop-shortcut.sh`):

- installs missing packages: `gamescope-session-cachyos`, `steam`,
  `mangohud`, `xterm`, `ttf-liberation`, `wqy-zenhei`, `plasma-keyboard`;
- *SDDM (single user mode):* installs/enables SDDM and writes its autologin
  config;
- *plasma-login-manager:* creates `/etc/plasmalogin.conf.d`, backs up and
  rewrites the `[Autologin]` section of `/etc/plasmalogin.conf`, removes
  stray `zzz-steamos-autologin*.conf` files from manual troubleshooting
  (never `zz-steamos-autologin.conf`, which CachyOS's tools own), and
  installs `/usr/local/bin/sync-steamos-session.sh` plus
  `sync-steamos-session.path`/`.service`;
- `KWIN_IM_SHOW_ALWAYS=1` for the virtual keyboard and a
  `steam-desktop-autostart` systemd user service that starts Steam silently
  in Plasma only;
- the **Return to Gaming Mode** shortcut; on plasma-login-manager with a
  narrow sudoers rule (`/etc/sudoers.d/gamescope-session-switch`) so it can
  restart the login manager without a password prompt.

Turning it off restores `/etc/plasmalogin.conf` from its backup, removes the
SDDM autologin, sync bridge, shortcut, sudoers rule and Steam autostart, and
switches back to plasma-login-manager.

**Steam Deck/Machine icons:** `STEAM_GAMEPADUI_ARGS="-gamepadui -steamos3"`
in `~/.config/environment.d/` (and gamescope-session's own environment
file), which makes Steam show Steam Deck button glyphs in gaming mode.

## SteamOS desktop look

Installs CachyOS's `cachyos-vapor` package (the SteamOS Vapor theme the
CachyOS handheld edition uses) from the CachyOS repository and switches your
desktop to its Vapor global theme, including its desktop and window layout
(like ticking "Desktop and window layout" in System Settings): Vapor colors
and Plasma style, the SteamOS panel and launcher icon, and the Steam Deck
wallpaper. Run it from the Plasma desktop: applying the layout needs a
running Plasma session.

It also adds the SteamOS desktop extras that `cachyos-vapor` doesn't ship,
taken from the newest `steamdeck-kde-presets` on Valve's SteamOS mirror
(checksum verified) and installed to `/usr/local`:

- **Add to Steam** in the right-click menu of apps, AppImages and `.exe`
  files, and in the launcher: adds them to Steam as non-Steam games;
- **Nested Desktop**: add it to Steam from the launcher, then start it in
  gaming mode for a Plasma desktop inside gaming mode;
- the SteamOS **Return to Gaming Mode** icon (Steam logo with a return arrow);
- a window rule that keeps the **Steam keyboard** above other windows.

Turning it off restores your previous look and panel layout, and removes `cachyos-vapor` again
if the wizard installed it (and nothing else, like `cachyos-handheld`, needs it).

## Front LED bar (Steam Machine)

The **Steam Machine support** component, only shown on Fremont hardware
(DMI `Valve`/`Fremont`, or `OEM`/`F7F` on early units):

- installs an AUR helper (`yay`) if neither `yay` nor `paru` is present;
- installs the kernel headers for every installed kernel;
- installs `leds-valve-dkms-git` from the AUR - Valve's own driver from the
  SteamOS kernel - builds it for every installed kernel (so the LTS kernel
  works too), and loads it at every boot (`/etc/modules-load.d/leds-valve.conf`);
- adds a udev rule (`/etc/udev/rules.d/70-valve-leds-user.rules`) that gives
  your user the LED files, so Steam, which runs as you, can drive the bar;
- console-like power button: it puts the machine to sleep, and it never
  suspends by itself on mains power (the launcher's Shut Down still shuts down);
- installs and enables `steamos-manager`, the service Steam in gaming mode
  uses for hardware settings (fan, performance, and the HDMI-CEC settings
  when [HDMI-CEC](#hdmi-cec) is on); it recognises the Steam Machine from its
  DMI data.

Turning it off removes all of that again (the AUR helper is kept).

The LEDs appear as `/sys/class/leds/valve-leds*`. The driver's Makefile
builds against the running kernel (`uname -r`) instead of the kernel DKMS
builds for, so the wizard adds a DKMS override
(`/etc/dkms/leds-valve-dkms.conf`) that passes DKMS's target kernel in. With
it, DKMS rebuilds the driver whenever a kernel or its headers are installed
or upgraded. A newly added kernel doesn't come with its headers, so
`ensure-kernel-headers.service` checks at every boot and installs any
missing `-headers` package, which makes DKMS build the driver for it.

## HDMI-CEC

The **HDMI-CEC** item (on every PC; ticked by default only on a Steam
Machine) installs
Valve's CEC stack from its SteamOS `holo` repository, the newest `holo-X.Y`
on `steamdeck-packages.steamos.cloud`, each package checked against the
SHA-256 in Valve's package index:

- `cecd`, Valve's CEC daemon (a user service started with the desktop and
  gaming mode): TV remote keys become normal key presses (arrows, Enter,
  Back), and it turns the TV on and off with the PC;
- `cec-audio-control`: volume of the TV or receiver;
- `inputattach-cec-units` (with `linuxconsole` from CachyOS for
  `inputattach`): attaches USB CEC adapters (Pulse-Eight, RainShadow).

It works with any `/dev/cec*`: a GPU that has CEC on its HDMI port (the
Steam Machine; the CachyOS kernel has DisplayPort CEC built in) or a USB
adapter ([CEC.md](CEC.md) lists which PCs have one). The menu lists the CEC
devices found. Also turn on CEC on the TV
(Sony: BRAVIA Sync, Samsung: Anynet+, LG: SimpLink). On a Steam Machine
`steamos-manager` writes cecd's settings from Steam's (wake the TV, put it to
sleep), in `~/.config/cecd/config.d/`, and Steam shows its HDMI-CEC
settings; the wizard restarts steamos-manager so that happens right away.
CachyOS's gaming mode script (`/usr/lib/steamos/gamescope-session`) sets
`STEAM_ENABLE_CEC=0`, which hides those settings; Steam reads the script's
variables from `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/gamescope-environment`. HDMI-CEC adds a
drop-in for `steam-launcher.service`
(`/etc/systemd/user/steam-launcher.service.d/10-steamify-cec.conf`) with a
second `EnvironmentFile=` (`/etc/steamify/steam-cec.env`,
`STEAM_ENABLE_CEC=1`), which overrides it from the next gaming mode start.

It's experimental: on SteamOS itself CEC can wake the Steam Machine right
after it goes to sleep (Samsung TVs,
[SteamOS#2626](https://github.com/ValveSoftware/SteamOS/issues/2626)) and
upset CEC for the TV's other devices
([SteamOS#2817](https://github.com/ValveSoftware/SteamOS/issues/2817)).
Turning it off removes the packages again (`linuxconsole` only if the
wizard installed it).

## Power-off fix (Steam Machine)

With recent kernels a Steam Machine starts again right after powering off:
the newer 6.x, 7.0 and 7.1 updates and 7.2 (and probably every kernel after
it). Linux stopped clearing the S4/S5 wake bits at probe
(`pinctrl-amd: Don't clear S4 wake bits at probe`, in 7.2 and backported to
stable kernels), and the firmware leaves
that bit set on GPIO pin 18 (`_SB.PCI0.GPP6`). Valve's own kernel
(`linux-neptune-72`) clears it at probe on Fremont, in a patch marked not
for upstream ("until the firmware is fixed"), so CachyOS and mainline won't
get it.

The **Power-off fix** sub-option of Steam Machine support (ticked along with
it, can be unticked) builds a small module with DKMS for every installed
kernel, `steamify-fremont-poweroff` (source in
[`patches/steamify-fremont-poweroff.c`](patches/steamify-fremont-poweroff.c)).
It only loads on Fremont (DMI board name) and touches one register: right
before power-off (a `SYS_OFF_MODE_POWER_OFF_PREPARE` handler, after the
drivers have shut down) it clears that pin's S4/S5 wake bit. On a kernel
that already clears it, it does nothing. It logs the pin's state at load:
`dmesg | grep 'GPIO 18'`; `/sys/kernel/debug/gpio` shows the S4/S5 column.
Tested on a Steam Machine with `linux-cachyos-bore` 7.2.8: it stayed off
three times in a row, and rebooted right away with the module unloaded.

Where Steam Machine support was set up before 2.2.0, the menu ticks the
power-off fix as a new default sub-option (see feature versions below), so a
normal run adds it.

## Feature versions (updates)

Each component has a feature version (`FEATURE_VERSION` in `lib/menu.sh`,
1 when not listed). After a component is turned on successfully, the version
is recorded in `~/.local/state/cachyos-gamescope-boot/features.state`
(turning it off records `off`). Whether a component is on is always checked
on the system itself; the version only decides about updates:

- **On, recorded version older** than the current one: ticked and
  re-applied by a normal run; the plan (and the app's review) says
  "update". A setup from before versions were recorded counts as 1.
- **A new default sub-option** (not in `NO_PRESELECT`) whose parent is on
  and that was never turned on or off: ticked, so a normal run adds it.
  Turning it off once records `off`, so it isn't ticked again.

Bump a component's number whenever what its `<id>_enable` sets up changes.

## Kernel pin (Steam Machine)

With CachyOS kernels newer than 7.1.6 a Steam Machine rebooted instead of
shutting down; the power-off fix above handles that now. Since 2.2.0 the
**Pin the kernel** sub-option is no longer offered. A pin that's still
there is shown unticked, so a normal run (after the review) removes it and
brings back CachyOS's current kernel; HDMI refresh boost, which needs the
pinned kernel, is unticked with it. The pin installed `linux-cachyos` and
`linux-cachyos-headers` 7.1.6-1 and added them to `IgnorePkg` in
`/etc/pacman.conf`, so updates skipped them.

The packages (and their signatures, which pacman checks) are kept in
`/var/cache/steamify/kernel`, so re-applying needs no download. Missing
files are taken from pacman's cache, else downloaded from this repo's
`kernel-7.1.6-1` release, then `archive.cachyos.org`, then
`mirror.cachyos.org` (which only has the current kernel). Every file must
match the SHA-256 in the script and have a valid CachyOS signature; a bad
one is deleted, so the next run downloads it again. Set `PINNED_KERNEL_URL`
to a directory URL with the files to try another source first, or drop them
into the kernel directory yourself.

Unticking it removes the pin and runs `sudo pacman -Syu`, which brings the
kernel back to CachyOS's current version; the files stay for next time.

## HDMI refresh boost (Steam Machine)

With the pinned kernel (7.1.6), HDMI displays often stay at 60 Hz. Two
reasons:

- Monitors list their fast modes in an extra EDID block, announced by the
  HDMI Forum EEODB data block. 7.1.6 only reads the first extension block,
  so it never sees them. Newer kernels do.
- Their fastest modes need HDMI 2.1 (FRL). 7.1.6's amdgpu only does HDMI
  2.0 (TMDS, at most 600 MHz), but a mode with the display's own shortest
  blanking at a slightly lower rate often fits.

The menu item (only on a Steam Machine with the pinned kernel, never
ticked by default, run from the desktop in Konsole):

1. Takes the desktop resolution from KDE (`kscreen-doctor -j`) and reads the
   display's complete EDID over DDC (`i2ctransfer`, segment pointer 0x30).
   A live EDID left by an earlier test is cleared first.
2. Calculates the highest rate that fits: the display's TMDS limit (HDMI
   Forum VSDB, capped at amdgpu's 600 MHz), its shortest blanking at that
   resolution and its maximum refresh (range limits, VRR maximum). Steps:
   that rate rounded down to ten, and the hundred below it as a safe option.
   Rates the display already lists, or that aren't faster than what works
   now, are left out.
3. Builds the EDID: all of the display's blocks, the block count and EEODB
   fixed, plus a DisplayID block with the steps.
4. Loads it live (debugfs `edid_override`, `trigger_hotplug`) and switches
   to each step, lowest first. Each one needs a "y" within 15 s
   (`WIZARD_HDMI_CONFIRM_SECONDS` for tests); anything else switches back
   and stops.
5. Saves the confirmed steps for that display: the EDID as
   `/usr/lib/firmware/edid/steamify-<id>.bin`, where `<id>` is the display's
   manufacturer, model, serial and date (EDID bytes 8-17), and a line in
   `/etc/steamify/hdmi-edid.conf` (id, name, mode, rates). Other saved
   displays are kept.

`steamify-edid.service` (at boot, before the login manager) and a udev rule
(`90-steamify-edid.rules`, every drm hotplug) run
`/usr/local/bin/steamify-edid-hotplug`. Per HDMI port it reads the connected
display's ID over DDC (the real display, even while an override is loaded)
and loads that display's saved EDID through debugfs, or resets the port to
the display's own EDID when there is none, or no display. What's loaded per
port is kept in `/run/steamify-edid`, so the hotplug the script triggers
itself doesn't loop.

The item is on when the connected display runs on its saved EDID; with
another display it's off, and ticking it sets that one up. Turning it off
removes the connected display's EDID; the unit and rule go with the last
one. In the app the item is a **Set up…** button, and **Manage** once a
display is saved: it lists every saved display, removes any of them, and
sets up the connected display when it has none. Unpinning the kernel
removes them all.

Versions before 2.1.0 used `drm.edid_firmware=` on the kernel command line
(and the initramfs), which applied to any display on that port; re-applying
saves such a setup per display and removes the parameter. Untick it before removing the
kernel pin: newer kernels read the EDID themselves and can do HDMI 2.1.

## BIOS updates (Steam Machine)

The **Update BIOS** item is only shown on a Steam Machine and is never ticked
by default. It shows the BIOS version you have now and the newest one Valve
ships (the `.cab` file in its `fremont-hw-support` package, looked up on
Valve's SteamOS mirror):

```
 [ ] Update BIOS: now F7F0107, newest F7F0108 (own risk)  (opt-in, runs once)
```

It can only be ticked when Valve has a newer BIOS than yours; when you're up
to date, when the newest version can't be looked up (offline), or when an
update is already waiting for a restart, it's greyed out.

When you run it, the wizard:

1. downloads Valve's package and checks its **SHA-256** against Valve's
   repository, so it's exactly Valve's file;
2. asks **fwupd** whether the firmware is for this very machine (fwupd compares
   the firmware's hardware IDs with the device) and stops if it isn't;
3. shows a large red **warning** with the current and the new version, and asks
   whether you understand the risks (default: no);
4. shows the warning **again** and only continues when you type `UPDATE`;
5. hands the firmware to fwupd, which writes it during the **next restart**:
   choose "restart now" or restart later yourself.

**At your own risk:** a failed or interrupted BIOS update can leave the machine
unable to start. Keep it on mains power, and never turn off the power, unplug
it or press the power button while it updates, including during the restart;
the screen can stay black for several minutes.

To walk through it without flashing anything, run the wizard with
`WIZARD_BIOS_DRY_RUN=1`: it downloads and checks the package and shows both
warnings, skips fwupd's device check, and only prints the install command.

## Manual session control

```bash
steamos-session-select gamescope   # switch to gamescope right now
steamos-session-select plasma      # switch to desktop right now
steamos-session-select persistent  # remember the last-used session across reboots
steamos-session-select oneshot     # always start in gamescope (default, like a Deck)
```

With `Relogin=true`, a gamescope session that fails to start is restarted
immediately, which can turn into a loop - see
[TROUBLESHOOTING.md](TROUBLESHOOTING.md) for the way out.

## Project layout

| File | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| `steamify.sh` | Entry point: checks, menu, apply, summary, restart |
| `lib/menu.sh` | The menu: detect, toggle, plan and apply changes |
| `lib/state.sh` | Undo journal for KDE settings (`kset`/`krevert`) |
| `lib/common.sh` | Output helpers, prompts, backups, plasmashell handling |
| `lib/packages.sh` | Required packages, AUR helper (yay/paru) |
| `lib/boot-session.sh` | Boot into gamescope or the desktop (`steamify-boot-desktop.service`) |
| `lib/login-manager.sh` | SteamOS conversion: SDDM or plasmalogin autologin, sync bridge |
| `lib/steam-desktop.sh` | Steam in the Plasma session; Steam Deck/Machine icons |
| `lib/desktop-shortcut.sh` | Return to Gaming Mode shortcut and its sudoers rule |
| `lib/vapor-theme.sh` | SteamOS theme: installs and switches to `cachyos-vapor` |
| `lib/steamos-extras.sh` | SteamOS desktop extras from Valve's package (Add to Steam, Nested Desktop, icon, keyboard rule, KWallet) |
| `lib/single-user.sh` | Single user mode: no lock screen, user switching or log out |
| `lib/wizard-shortcut.sh` | Steamify shortcut: desktop icon and launcher entry that run the newest release |
| `lib/bios.sh` | Update BIOS (Steam Machine, opt-in): current/newest version, double confirmation, fwupd |
| `lib/cec.sh` | HDMI-CEC: Valve's `cecd` and friends from its `holo` repository |
| `lib/steam-machine.sh` | Steam Machine support: LED driver, LED access, steamos-manager; kernel pin |
| `lib/fremont-poweroff.sh` | Steam Machine support: the power-off fix (DKMS module from `patches/`) |
| `lib/hdmi-refresh.sh` | HDMI refresh boost (Steam Machine, pinned kernel): EDID over DDC, calculated steps, live test, per-display EDID hotplug script |
| `patches/` | Module sources and patches the scripts build or apply (`patch_file`); see its README |
| `.github/tools/bundle.sh` | Builds the single-file version (`dist/steamify.sh`), with `patches/` embedded |
| `.github/workflows/bundle.yml` | Builds and checks it on every push; publishes it on `main` |

The single-file version is generated: on every push to `main`, GitHub
Actions runs `.github/tools/bundle.sh`, checks the result with `bash -n` and
shellcheck, and publishes it as a release per version (tag `v<VERSION>`,
never overwritten; the newest is marked latest, and the `latest` tag follows
it). It inlines
`lib/*.sh` and wraps the entry point in `main()`, so bash has read the whole
file before anything runs; when stdin is a pipe (`curl | bash`) it reattaches
the terminal for the menu (set `WIZARD_KEEP_STDIN=1` to keep piped input).

Notes for contributors and AI coding agents are in [`AGENTS.md`](AGENTS.md).

## Caveats

- This works around CachyOS/`plasma-login-manager` behavior as of September
  2026. If CachyOS fixes `steam-set-session` upstream, parts of this script
  become unnecessary - please open an issue or PR if you notice that.
- Tested on a Valve Steam Machine running CachyOS Desktop edition. It should
  work on any CachyOS desktop install using `plasma-login-manager`, but
  hasn't been tested on Steam Deck/Legion Go hardware.

## Related upstream reports

- [CachyOS/gamescope-session#9](https://github.com/CachyOS/gamescope-session/issues/9) - "Switch to Desktop" hang due to missing `/etc/plasmalogin.conf.d`